NCERT Solutions for Class 9th English Chapter 3 Canvas of Soil (poem) — Vocabulary in Context

Book page 92 Updated on2026-09-08

Q1.
I. The poet refers to the shades of green, red, and blue in the poem. Let us read some of the names of different shades of these colours. Reds: Rusty red, Salmon (saa-mun), Scarlet, Crimson, Blood red, Vermilion (vuh-mil-ion) Greens: Pine green, India green, Apple green, Jade, Olive, Pistachio (pis-ta-sheo) Blues: Navy blue, Indigo, Cobalt blue, Denim, Sky blue, Ice blue Now, discuss in pairs, any two things that you can associate with these colours.
Answer

The eighteen names are printed with colour swatches on page 92. Notice how they are formed — most are named after a thing that has that shade (salmon, pine, apple, jade, olive, pistachio, navy, denim, sky, ice, blood, rust), which is precisely why they are easy to picture and easy to associate.

ShadeTwo things you can associate with it
Rusty redan old iron gate left out in the monsoon; the laterite soil of Kerala and Konkan
Salmonthe inside of a ripe papaya; a light cotton sari at a summer wedding
Scarletthe gulmohar in May; the flag on a school sports field
Crimsona rose in December; the deep red of pomegranate seeds
Blood redthe flesh of a watermelon; a warning sign or an alarm button
Vermilionsindoor and the tilak at a puja; the orange-red of a fresh marigold
Pine greendeodar and pine forests in the hills; a dark school blazer
India greenthe lower band of the national flag; a paddy field in August
Apple greennew mango leaves in spring; a raw guava
Jadestill water in a hill stream; a green glass bangle
Olivearmy uniforms; the dull green of tulsi leaves
Pistachiopista barfi and kulfi; the pale green of tender banana leaf
Navy bluea school uniform skirt or trousers; the sea far from shore
Indigothe dye of Bengal and Bihar’s indigo plantations; the deep blue of a bandhani odhni
Cobalt blueJaipur blue pottery; the blue of Krishna in a calendar painting
Denima pair of jeans; a washed-out blue kurta
Sky bluea clear October morning after the rains; a hospital or school shirt
Ice bluea glacier or hailstones; frosted glass on a window
Two pronunciations the book marks for you: salmon is said “saa-mun” — the l is silent; pistachio is “pis-ta-sheo”, not “pis-ta-chio”; and vermilion is “vuh-mil-ion”. Say each aloud twice.
Why this exercise sits beside this poem: the poem writes “Shades of green, red, and blue” — a single word standing for eighteen. Once you know that green can mean pine, jade, olive or pistachio, you read that line differently: the poet is not naming three colours, she is gesturing at a whole palette, and asking you to fill it in.
Q2.
II. You have studied painting-related words like palette, brushstrokes, shades, hue, colours, and canvas. Now, read the following paragraph and discuss in pairs what the underlined painting-related words might mean. Discuss this way: I think ____________ means ____________ because the passage talks about ____________. Example: I think portrait means a picture of someone’s face because the passage talks about capturing a friend’s features. In the art studio, young painters eagerly approached their easels, each framing a canvas that they had to work on. The teacher encouraged them to experiment with a diverse tonal range, playing with shades and hues to bring their paintings to life. One student focused on a detailed portrait, capturing his friend’s features, first with careful underpainting and then filling the final colours. Another student worked on a mural, depicting a Spring Day on the right wall of the classroom. The room continued to buzz with artistic energy.
Answer

The skill being taught here is guessing meaning from context — so give the clue as well as the meaning, in the frame the book supplies.

WordMeaningSaid in the book’s frame
easelsupright wooden stands that hold a canvas while a painter works on itI think easels means stands that hold up a canvas because the passage talks about painters approaching them, each one framing a canvas to work on.
tonal rangethe span from the lightest to the darkest tones a painter uses in one pictureI think tonal range means the spread of light and dark tones in a painting because the passage talks about experimenting with it by playing with shades and hues.
portrait (example)a picture of a person, especially the faceI think portrait means a picture of someone’s face because the passage talks about capturing a friend’s features.
underpaintingthe first, plain layer of paint laid down to establish shape and shadow, over which the real colours are paintedI think underpainting means a first base layer of paint because the passage says it is done first, with care, and then the final colours are filled in.
murala large painting made directly on a wallI think mural means a painting made on a wall because the passage talks about a student depicting a Spring Day on the right wall of the classroom.
The three kinds of clue in this paragraph — learn to look for all three:
  • A defining action. “Depicting a Spring Day on the right wall” defines mural without naming a wall painting.
  • A sequence word.first with careful underpainting and then filling the final colours” tells you under- here means underneath in layers, not below in position.
  • A near-synonym alongside. “tonal range, playing with shades and hues” — words you already know, sitting beside the word you do not.
Word-building tip: underpainting = under + painting. The same prefix gives undercoat, underline, undergrowth, underground — in each case something that lies beneath something else. Meeting a new word, split it before you guess it.
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