NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 10 Let us experiment (demonstration activity) — Activity 10.8

Book page 198 Updated on2026-09-08

Q1.
Increase the frequency in steps of 100 Hz up to 1000 Hz and describe how the sound changes.
Answer

As the frequency rises from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, the sound becomes steadily shriller — the pitch goes up — even though the volume setting has not been touched.

Frequency setHow it soundsWavelength in air (v = 344 m s⁻¹)
100 HzDeep, humming, like a distant engine344 ÷ 100 = 3.44 m
300 HzFull, like a low male voice344 ÷ 300 = 1.15 m
600 HzBright, clear344 ÷ 600 = 0.57 m
1000 HzThin, piercing, whistle-like344 ÷ 1000 = 0.34 m
Why the pitch rises: pitch is how our brain interprets frequency. A higher frequency means the density of the air at your eardrum swings from maximum to minimum and back more times each second, and the ear reads that as a shriller sound. In general high pitch goes with high frequency and low pitch with low frequency, although the exact relation is not a simple one. Note that the speed of sound stays 344 m s⁻¹ throughout — it is the wavelength that shrinks, since λ = v/ν.
Tip: loudness may seem to change a little as you sweep the frequency. That is not the app — the human ear is naturally most sensitive around 1000 – 4000 Hz, so equal-energy sounds do not seem equally loud.
Q2.
Next, set the frequency to 50 Hz. Reduce the frequency till about 20 Hz or the point where you cannot hear the sound anymore.
Answer

As you go below about 50 Hz the note becomes a deep rumble, gets rapidly harder to hear, and near 20 Hz it fades away altogether — you may feel it as a vibration rather than hear it.

Human audible range = 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz (20 kHz)
Below 20 Hz → infrasonic waves — produced, but not heard by us
Above 20 kHz → ultrasonic waves — also not heard by us
Why the sound disappears: the wave is still being produced and is still travelling through the air. What fails is the detector. Below about 20 Hz the eardrum and cochlea no longer respond well enough to send a usable signal to the brain, so we register nothing. Nothing has happened to the physics of the wave — only to our ability to sense it.

The exact cut-off differs from person to person and narrows with age, so the point at which the sound vanishes will not be the same for everyone in the class. Many students hear it down to about 20 Hz; some lose it at 30 Hz.

Did you know? Elephants communicate over kilometres using infrasound below 20 Hz, and dogs, cats, bats and dolphins hear ultrasound above 20 kHz. Our range is just one window on a much wider spectrum.
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