NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 4 Activity 4.2: Let us calculate — Average acceleration

Book page 55 Updated on2026-09-08

Q1.
The magnitude of average acceleration of cars is generally specified as the time taken by the car to go from 0 km h⁻¹ to 100 km h⁻¹. Look it up on the internet and find this time for various cars, and record those in Table 4.2.
Answer

First convert the change in speed into SI units, because the acceleration must come out in m s⁻².

change in speed = 100 km h⁻¹ − 0 km h⁻¹ = 100 km h⁻¹
100 km h⁻¹ = 100 × 1000 m / 3600 s = 27.8 m s⁻¹

Now look up the "0–100 km h⁻¹" time quoted by the manufacturer or a road test for each car and fill the middle column. Typical published values look like this — treat them as a model; the whole point of the activity is that you find and record real figures yourself.

Car typeTime interval during which the speed goes from 0 to 100 km h⁻¹ (s)Magnitude of average acceleration (m s⁻²)
Small hatchback12.02.3
Mid-size sedan10.02.8
SUV (turbo-petrol)8.53.3
Electric hatchback7.04.0
Sports car3.57.9
Tip: keep the third column to two significant figures. The published 0–100 time is itself only quoted to about a tenth of a second, so quoting the acceleration to three decimals would be false precision.
Q2.
Calculate the magnitude of average acceleration for each car.
Answer

State the formula, then substitute — the same three lines for every row of the table.

average acceleration = (final velocity − initial velocity) / time interval   [Eq. 4.3b]
|a| = (27.8 m s⁻¹ − 0 m s⁻¹) / t

Worked out for the sample rows:

t = 12.0 s → |a| = 27.8 / 12.0 = 2.3 m s⁻²
t = 10.0 s → |a| = 27.8 / 10.0 = 2.8 m s⁻²
t = 8.5 s   → |a| = 27.8 / 8.5 = 3.3 m s⁻²
t = 7.0 s   → |a| = 27.8 / 7.0 = 4.0 m s⁻²
t = 3.5 s   → |a| = 27.8 / 3.5 = 7.9 m s⁻²
Why it happens: every car reaches the same final speed, so the numerator 27.8 m s⁻¹ is fixed and the acceleration is simply inversely proportional to the time. A car that halves its 0–100 time doubles its average acceleration. Compare these with g = 9.8 m s⁻²: even a sports car accelerates forward at less than the rate at which a dropped stone gains downward speed.
Check it yourself: the figure you get is an average over the whole run. The real acceleration is largest in the lower gears and falls off at high speed, where air resistance grows — so the car is never accelerating at exactly this value.
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