NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 11 Reproduction: How Life Continues
Updated on 2026-09-08
About this chapter
Asexual reproduction needs one parent and uses mitosis , so the offspring are genetically identical clones — budding in yeast and hydra, spore formation in fungi, and vegetative propagation (cutting, grafting, layering, tissue culture) in plants. Sexual reproduction needs two parents. Meiosis halves the chromosome number (46 → 23 in humans) to make gametes, and fertilisation restores it, so the number stays constant generation after generation. Because the chromosomes of each pair separate independently, n pairs give 2 n kinds of gamete — 8 for the three bead pairs of Activity 11.4, and 2 23 = 8,388,608 for a human. This is where variation comes from. In a flower, the stamen (filament + anther) makes pollen and the pistil (stigma + style + ovary) holds the ovules. Pollination moves pollen
- Chapter opener
- Let us explore
- .1 Asexual Reproduction
- Let us experiment
- Fungi and society
- .2.2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
- Let us investigate
- .2.3 How does the process of pollination occur in flowers?
- .2.4 Pollination strategies and reproductive success
- Let us find out
Exercises
- Chapter opener — Think It Over Page 208
- Let us explore — Activity 11.1 Page 209 – 210
- Let us explore — Activity 11.2 Page 211
- .1 Asexual Reproduction — In-text Questions Page 21111
- Let us experiment — Activity 11.3 Page 211 – 212
- .1 Asexual Reproduction — In-text Questions Page 21211
- Fungi and society — Bridging Science and Society Page 212
- .2.1 How does meiosis help create variations in sexual reproduction? — In-text Questions Page 21311
- Let us explore — Activity 11.4 Page 213
- .2.2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants — In-text Questions Page 21411
- Let us explore — Activity 11.5 Page 214 – 215
- .2.2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants — In-text Questions Page 21511
- Let us investigate — Activity 11.6 Page 215 – 216
- .2.3 How does the process of pollination occur in flowers? — In-text Questions Page 21611
- .2.4 Pollination strategies and reproductive success — In-text Questions Page 21711
- Let us find out — Activity 11.7 Page 217
- .2.5 Fertilisation and seed formation — Pause and Ponder Page 21711
- .3 Sexual Reproduction in Animals — Pause and Ponder Page 21811
- .5.6 What happens when an egg is not fertilised? — Threads of Curiosity Page 22111
- .5.7 Pregnancy and childbirth — Pause and Ponder Page 22211
- .5.10 How can unwanted pregnancies and infections be prevented? — Pause and Ponder Page 22311
- .5.10 How can unwanted pregnancies and infections be prevented? — Pause and Ponder Page 22411
- End-of-chapter questions — Revise, Reflect, Refine Page 225 – 226
- Project work — The Journey Beyond Page 227
- An open question — The Quest Continues … Page 227